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Health court
Health courts are proposed specialized courts for handling medical malpractice claims. They are characterized by the use of specially trained adjudicators, independent expert witnesses, and predictable damage awards. Successful administrative compensation systems currently exist in New Zealand and Scandinavia,〔Martin, Keith ("Can Health Courts Cure the Malpractice System?" ), Physicians Practice journal, volume 20, issue 1, January 2010.〕 and limited programs also operate in Florida and Virginia.〔(Florida's Innovative Alternative to Costly Litigation )〕〔(Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Program )〕 The nonpartisan coalition Common Good, led by Philip K. Howard, and the Harvard School of Public Health have advocated implementing health courts on a wider scale in the U.S.〔(Special Health Courts: The Cure for Defensive Medicine ), Philip Howard, The Atlantic, February 24, 2010.〕 The potential advantages of health courts include decreasing administrative costs, improving access to compensation for injured patients, and disincentivizing defensive medicine. By using trained judges and independent experts, health court advocates hope to achieve more fair outcomes at lower costs.〔("Windows of Opportunity: State-Based Ideas for Improving Medical Injury Compensation and Enhancing Patient Safety" ), a Common Good report.〕 Critics of the health courts concept contend that is ill-conceived, that it would be unfair to patients, that it would be unlikely to achieve its objectives, and that such of its goals as are reasonable can be achieved more fairly and with greater efficiency under the existing civil justice system.〔("The Case Against Health Courts" ), Mehlman, Maxwell and Nance, Dale A., April 1, 2007.〕 In addition, experts have suggested that health courts would be inevitably biased towards physicians, and that the bureaucracy needed to introduce safeguards against such bias would negate any cost savings.〔("Health Courts?" ) Philip G. Peters, Jr., Boston University Law Review, 2008.〕
In February 2011, President Barack Obama's administration announced a $250 million fund in the fiscal year 2012 budget for medical malpractice reforms, with special emphasis on health courts.〔("Obama starts drive for medical malpractice reforms" ), Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, Associated Press, February 15, 2011.〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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